Why does the elbows hurt: what to do

Knee pain is a wide symptom, an alarm in the body - a case of joint disease or just an increased leg load.

It is difficult to find someone who has never experienced pain in his knees for some time.Discomfort, clicks or different intensity pains in the knee joints occur in both adults and children for many reasons.The older it becomes, the higher the likelihood of various diseases, the first sign of which is pain in the knees.This is due to the age -related characteristics of the body: slowing down metabolic processes, wearing cartilage tissue of the joints, muscular skeletal system, blood vessels, and other problems of the nerves.

Due to the complex anatomical structure, many structures and significant loads are experienced and often overloaded, the knee joints are very vulnerable.Damage to any element of the structure, such as a synovial bag, causes impaired knee motor function and, consequently, pain syndrome.Ligaths and menis are considered the most insecure, they are injured in 80-85% of cases.

The anatomical structure of the knee

The knee consists of the knee joint, the distal end of the thigh with two tumors and jackets, tibia tube bone, muscles, nerves, vessels, ligaments, patella (knee bowl), articular bags and menskus.

The knee joint is one of the large joints in the body.The thigh bone approaches it from above.Its lateral (external) and medial (internal) air conditioning articular surfaces are reflected in Patella and Tiba.Menkic, which is a cartilage of connective tissue, is shocking the joint.Thanks to them, the tiger plateau is rational distribution of human weight and the stability of the joint increases.Sophisticated, double head, semi-rear and other muscles synchronize the capsule-ligament structures, ensuring the motor action of the knee joint.

The elements of the knee are interconnected by many ligaments.Inside the joint is a two cross -shaped league - rear and front.The bones of the hobby are connected to the fiber and the bones of the tiba with collateral ligaments.The inclination of popliteal ligaments is located at the rear of the knee joint.The synovial capsule, which is not communicating with the joint, is distinguished by many articular cavities.Blood supply to the knee elements is carried out by a generous network of blood vessels, and innervation is performed by nerve fibers.

Causes of knee pain

There are many causes of knee joint pain that can be conditionally divided into several groups.

Traumatic injuries to knee elements:

1. Knee.The blood vessel gap, local bleeding occurs in the soft tissue of the joint.Redness, swelling, damage to nerve endings causes pain, difficulty in movement.
2. The decomposition of complete or partial ligaments.More often, the partial disruption of the integrity of the inner side ligaments is diagnosed, which arises from excessive deviation from the lower leg.

Outdoor ligament is more often dissolved than inward.This is due to the lower leg of the internally strong deviation, for example, when turning the leg.Cross -covered ligament rupture is inevitable accompanied by hemarthrosis.

Complete decomposition of both ligaments is often combined with joint injury, the inner menkus tear.Such an injury causes excess mobility of the knee joint, accompanied by severe pain, the intensity of which depends on the degree of the gap.

1. Knee joint hemarthrosis - Pour blood into the joint cavity.There is traumatic and inhumane nature.Traumatic hemarthrosis is observed with pelvic decomposition, complete or incomplete decomposition of ligaments, intra -drug fractures, knee bruises.An inhumane option is one of the symptoms of diseases that are characterized by increased shortness of blood vessel walls or disruption of the blood coagulation system.These include hemophilia, scurvi, severe forms of hemorrhagic diathesis.The blood accumulated in the cavity of the joint compresses the tissue, disrupting blood circulation in them.Special pigment - hemosidine - adversely affects the ligament, hyaline cartilage, in the synovial bag, which causes loss of their elasticity.The result of joint boxing is the swelling of its villa and increased production of joint fluid.The result of recurrent bruises is dystrophy and the destruction of the joint.
2. Knee mensopathy - Violation of the integrity of the knee joint.In the lateral form, the external menkus is damaged, the medial - internal.It is one of the most common but difficult to diagnose knee joint damage.In the risk zone of the disease are not only athletes involved in intensive training but also in ordinary people.The decomposition of the pelvis can come from a sharp unusual movement when moving the body, turning the leg, a strong knee blow.
3. Knee Cup displacement - Patella's abnormal movement.Trauma is diagnosed in cases of total dislocations in no more than 0.7%.More often there is external dislocation, less often - internal, very rarely - vertical or torso.With incomplete dislocation, the knee bowl is determined by the lateral (external) condil, full - from the lateral condom to the outside.
4. Closed or open fractures of the knee joint, the upper section of the lower leg bones or the lower spine. Such injuries are often combined with damage to the soft tissues of the knee, causing mass bleeding, excessive knee mobility, deformity.

Inflammatory and degenerative and dystrophic diseases of the articular elements of the knee:

1. Arthritis - Inflammatory damage to the knee joint.A similar mechanism for the development of pathology is observed with osteoarthritis, ankylous spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gut (urinary joints).
2. Osteoarthritis (gonarthrosis) By defeating the joint of the knee of non -information, which affects all its structures and causes serious degenerative changes.
3. Burstite With inflammation of the synovial, bursa causes pain in the knee and during enlargement.
4. Knee joint perititis tendon - Inflammation of the capsule around the bushes, knee tendons, as well as muscles and ligaments around the joint.In this case, the pain occurs mainly at the occurrence of stairs, especially with heavy loads and focuses on the inner surface of the knee.
5. Chondropathy Patella -Generative-not-chic changes in the articular (posterior) surface of Patella.The degree of destruction may vary: from light softening areas to cracks and complete abrasion.

6. Chondromatosis - Serious chronic disease, due to the dysplastic process, degeneration of the islands, degeneration of the islands of the cartilage membranes - chondrom.Osset of individual cartilage organs is not excluded.
7. Baker's cyst - The formation of dense elastic round tumors in Popliteal Fossa, located on the opposite side of the Patella.The cyst is clearly visible in the unprotected condition of the knee.Causes discomfort, pain in the popliteal region.With significant dimensions, it relieves blood vessels and nerves, causing decreased innervation and blood circulation.
8. Gop's disease - A disease accompanied by damage to the fatty tissue around the knee joint and subsequent degeneration.Pinches, swelling and other damage to fat cells - adipocytes - ends with their replacement with dense fiber tissue.As a result, the buffer function of the "fat pillow" is delayed, the greasy tissue itself becomes unable to perform the shock absorbing role.
9. Osgud -Swerter's disease - Pathology characterized by the killings of the bushes of the tibia.Diagnosis in adolescents is playing sports between the ages of 10 and 18 years.Painful bumps appear below the patella, in the absence of treatment, leading to leg restriction or complete immobilization, as well as muscle hypotrophy.

Diseases that can irritate knee pain:

1. The thigh joints of coke - Chronic injury to the joint, accompanied by progressive degeneration and dystrophic changes.Often the pain extends to the outer surface of the thigh or below the knee.
2. Sedular nerve neuropathy - Smooth damage to the nerve as a result of contraction or spasms of blood vessels.This nerve reaches the legs, starts to the lower back and passes through the tail bone and pelvis.Blockade at any point in its length causes impaired sensitivity or pulsated pain.
3. Fibromyalgia - Extraordination of soft tissues of non -information nature, with symptoms of arthralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases that cause knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - Chronically progressive course of bone system disease, mineral composition and bone density."Leakage" from calcium bones causes their weaknesses.The process is accompanied by smoke or pain in the limbs.
2. Bone tuberculosis.Tuberculous damage to the bone site causes permanent severe pain.
3. Osteomyelitis -Infectious and inflammatory disease that affects all structural elements of the bones.As specific, for example, tuberculosis and non -specific, more often, more often, osteomyelitis is skin hyperemia, edema, local acute pain in the bones and muscles, febrile temperature.
4. Some infectious disease.Reiter syndrome, except for the urogenital tract and the mucous membrane of the eye, is affected by joints.One of the manifestations of Lyme disease is arthralgia.

Types of knee pain

Depending on the etiology, the nature and intensity of pain may be different.

• Pain.With arthritis, osteozarosis.
• A hardly, strong.Knee elements fractures, decomposition of ligaments, acute clusters, knee bruises, exacerbation of mensopathy, deformity of osteoarthritis.
• Guilty.Deformed with deformed arthrosis, pelvic injury.
• Drill.With osteomyelitis.
• Mute.Burity, chronic osteochondritis.
• Burn.With the compression of the sciatic nerve, the process of tuberculosis in the bone.
• Shot. When pressing the nerve highway.
• Pain while walking.Baker's cyst, buctrophe, arthritis, gonarthrosis, periararthropy.
• Pain alone. Gout, arthritis.

Diagnosis of pathologies that cause knee pain

Physical examination:

• Collection of anamis and complaints;
• Visual inspection with knee palpation.

Laboratory Survey:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• Serological blood test;
• Immunological blood test;
• Rheumatological tests;
• Bacteriological analysis of synovial fluid.

Invasive instrumental methods:

• Arthroscopy;
• Joint sack puncture;
• Puncture bone biopsy.

Non -invasive instrumental diagnosis:

• Radiography of the knee joint;
• Densitometry;
• Ultrasound joint study;
• MRI or CT.

To treat knee pain

If pain in one or both knees is unproductive, then you should first consult a therapist who, based on the patient's complaints and objective examination, is referred to a narrow specialist - an orthopedist, a rheumatologist, a flabologist or a neurologist.In case of any injury, you should contact a surgeon or orthopedic trauma.

Treatment is different in each case, depending on the cause of the pain, that is, the type of injury or disease.Each disease has its own treatment regimen.But first of all, the patient must follow several general rules:

• Significantly reduces the duration of the hike and staying on the feet during the day;
• Athletes temporarily (before recover) refuse training and ordinary people from running or jumping;
• When you increase the pain, leave the movements completely, apply from elastic bandages to the knee.
• Wear bandages or bandages for immobilization of the knee joint;
• Bruises, at the site of cold traumatic effects.

Rheumatoid, psoriasis arthritis, systemic autoimmune diseases need serious integrated treatment, which has been performed for many months.Basic therapy consists of immunosuppressors, non -legal anti -legal and hormonal medicines, gold preparations, etc.

In the treatment of bursitis, painkillers and anti -anti -anti -anti -remedies are used.If the infection is detected, then the course of antibiotics.The therapeutic puncture of the bag is performed to remove excess fluid in the synovial cavity and/or in the introduction of one of their corticosteroids.Surgery helps prevent chronic inflammation of the brush - surgical excretion of the synovial bag.

With osteoarthritis deformity, intra -the -indaternal injections of glucocorticosteroids, prolonged intake of NSAIDs and chondroprotectors are effective.To alleviate pain syndrome, contractions with dimoxide or bishophyte, ointments and gels with antipheramic effects are locally established.Massage, physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics helps.Severe knee joint injuries require surgical intervention - joint endoprosthetics.

The treatment of osteoporosis consists of bisphosphonates, calcitonins, calcium preparations, vitamin D, etc.

Treatment of pelvic rupture can be conservative or surgical.Conservative therapy consists of analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, chondroprotectors.But first of all, the joint is repeated.

Types of surgical intervention:

• Mensectomy;
• Partial (incomplete) mensectomy;
• Mensky transplant;
• Arthroscopy;
• Arthroscopic stitches of pelvic rupture.

With any injury to the knee, after treatment, the rehabilitation period, which should be under the control of a rehabilitologist or orthopedist, is very important.The doctor is an optimal recovery program.The main methods of postoperative rehabilitation are massage and therapeutic gymnastics.Classes on special simulators are also effective, and the knee joint gradually develops.